The verb and the types of verb with examples and exercise

 In this article, I have explained the verb and kinds of the verb with examples. I have discussed the types of main verbs and types of helping verbs in detail. The verb is a very important topic for students who want to write good English.


The verb


The verb is a word that says something about the activity or action of a person or thing. It occupies the central position in a sentence because it is a word by which we say something.

Examples


  • He was plucking the flower.
  • Hina was singing a song.
  • I am playing cricket.

In the first sentence plucking, in the second sentence singing, and in the third sentence playing is showing the action these words are called verbs.

Form of verbs

  • Tensed form (finite verb)
  • Non-tensed form (nonfinite verb)


A verb that carries tense is called a finite verb, whereas a verb that does not carry tense is called a non-finite verb. Tensed forms are also called the finite verb and non-tensed forms are called non-finite verbs.

Tensed forms or Finite forms


Present form Vs (3rd person singular)   goes eats plays

  • He eats
  • She goes
  • Ali plays

Present form Vo (General other) go eat play

  • We go
  • They eat
  • You play


Past forms Ved ( Past tense ) went  ate played

  • I went
  • He ate
  • You played



Non-tensed Forms or non-finite forms

1. Infinitive ( Vi)                                   Go               eat                     play
  • I like to go to school.
  • I like to eat mangos.
  • we like to play cricket.
2. Present participle( Ving)                   Going          eating                playing
  • I am going to school.
  • you are eating a mango.
  • We are playing Cricket.

3. Past participle  ( Ven)                        Gone           Eaten                  played
  • I have gone to school.
  • We have eaten a cake.
  • You have played Hockey.
4. Gerund ( Gerund)                              Going        eating                playing
  • Going to the park is my passion.
  • Eating an apple is my hobby.
  • Playing cricket is my hobby.

There are seven forms of verb three are tensed forms and four are non-tensed forms. In order to understand the verb, these forms are very important to understand.

Tensed verb forms

There are two tensed forms or finite forms
Let us now explain the difference between the three tensed and three not tensed forms of the verbs. 

1. The present form

There are Two present tensed forms (vs) and  (vo).
  • He goes to school every day.
  • They go to school every day.

2. The past  form

Past tense form (ved) the second form of the verb is called the past tense form. In form of a regular verb, ed is added to the stem. In the case of an irregular verb, there may be simply a change in the stem vowel. 
  • They went to school last Friday.

Non-tensed or nonfinite form

There are four non-tensed or non-finite forms.

1. The infinitive form


The infinitive or base form (vi) is the same as the lexical form. The Infinitive form is used with auxiliary do or after a modal auxiliary in the verb phrase. 
  • I like to play cricket.

2. The present participle


The present participle (ving) is always constructed by adding ing to the stem or basic form. It actually covers two traditional forms the present participle and the gerund. 
  • I have been playing since morning.

3. The past participle


The past participle (ven) is used in the perfect tense and in passive voice.
  • We have finished our work.

4. The Gerund 


The gerund or verbal noun is like a verb in its form and as a noun in its functions.
  • Playing cricket is my hobby.  

Kinds of verbs


There are two major kinds of verbs

  • The main verb (action verb)
  • Auxiliary verb (helping verb)

1. Main verb


The main verb some time called a lexical verb. Main verbs have the distinctive property of functioning as the head of a verb phrase. The main verb is an action word that shows action in a sentence.

Types of main verb


I. Transitive verb


A verb that requires an object in a sentence is called a transitive verb. I a transitive verb the action does not stop with the doer but it transits or passes from the doer to the object.

  • The peon rings the bell.
  • The farmers grow carrots.

II. Intransitive verb


A verb that does not require a direct object is called an intransitive verb.

  • The snake was creeping slowly.
  • He writes well
  • She speaks loudly.

2nd class of the main verb


The second classes of the main verb are regular verb and irregular verb.

I. Regular verb

When past form and past participle is made by adding ed is called a regular verb.

Examples


  • Work                                worked                   worked
  • Play                                  played                    played
  • Dance                             Danced                      danced

I. Irregular verb

when Ed is not added in past and past participle form is called an irregular verb.
  • Go                       went                    gone
  • eat                        ate                      eaten
  • cut                        cut                       cut

2. Auxiliaries

Auxiliaries can be said to help the main verb. Each auxiliary contains one of the elements of meaning, ability, permission, possibility, obligation, necessity, intention, or prediction. The auxiliary can express the ability. May express the chance. Must express the obligation. Ought to express necessity. Will and shall express futurity and prediction respectively. 

Aspectual auxiliaries encode aspect, a concept which refers to the meaning o the main verb is viewed in time. The main categories of aspects in English are progressive aspect and perfective aspect. The passive auxiliary and the dummy auxiliary in active voice and passive voice tense. The passive auxiliary Be is used in passive is called passive auxiliary. Dummy auxiliary Do is used in the active voice.

Auxiliary verbs are a closed class consisting of two subclasses, the primary auxiliary, and modal auxiliary. Auxiliary is always dependent on the main verb in a sentence. Auxiliary cannot accrue alone in a verb phrase except in the special case of ellipses. 

Kinds of Auxiliaries

I. The primary auxiliary


Have, Do and Be are the examples of primary auxiliary

II. Modal auxiliary


The modal auxiliary is often referred to as modal

Will, would, can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, are called modal auxiliaries. The modal auxiliaries are morphologically distinguished by their lack of tenseless forms.
  • You may help me if you wish.
  • You must comply with the regulations.
  • They really ought to leave.
  • We shall arrive as soon as possible.
  • He will survive.

III. Aspectual Auxiliaries


Be and have are called aspectual auxiliaries.

These students are always complaining.
Ali has broken two water glasses.

IV. The passive auxiliary

(Be) is also called the passive auxiliary.
  • An apple is eaten by us.
  • Ali was beaten by them.

V. The dummy Auxiliary

Do is called the dummy auxiliary 
  • Do you like eating mangos?
  • Does he go to school?

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